Vehicle mounted base station: a mobile fortress for emergency communication

一、What is a vehicle mounted base station

Vehicle mounted base station is a base station equipment installed on vehicles, which can provide temporary wireless communication coverage, such as emergency communication, mobile communication vehicles, etc. It consists of an antenna, wireless transmission equipment, signal processing equipment, transmission medium, power supply, and battery backup system.

From a functional perspective, vehicle mounted base stations are similar to other types of base stations and are one of the key devices in wireless communication networks. It sends signals to surrounding wireless devices through an antenna and receives signals from wireless devices, achieving bidirectional communication. At the same time, the vehicle mounted base station is responsible for processing and forwarding data sent and received by wireless devices, including various types of data such as voice, text messages, images, videos, etc. In terms of connection and handover management, when a wireless device moves from the coverage area of a base station to the coverage area of a vehicle mounted base station, the vehicle mounted base station is responsible for switching connections to maintain continued communication. In addition, vehicle mounted base stations are responsible for managing spectrum resources in wireless communication, including frequency allocation, scheduling, and optimization, to ensure the normal operation of wireless communication networks and the rational utilization of resources.

In terms of components, antennas are used to send and receive signals to surrounding wireless devices, usually installed in suitable locations on vehicles to achieve better communication coverage. Wireless transmission devices include devices that transmit and receive radio frequency signals, such as radio frequency transmitters, radio frequency receivers, etc. Signal processing equipment is used to process and forward signals sent and received by wireless devices, including signal processors, modems, codecs, etc. Transmission media are used to connect vehicle mounted base stations and core networks, such as optical fibers, microwave antennas, etc. The power and battery backup system provides power for the vehicle mounted base station to ensure continuous operation, and is also equipped with backup power sources such as backup batteries or generators to cope with emergency situations such as power outages.

Vehicle mounted base stations, as a type of mobile base station, can be classified into multiple types based on their coverage and functionality. Compared with macro base stations, vehicle mounted base stations have a smaller coverage area, but they have unique advantages in emergency communication and other scenarios. Compared with micro base stations, vehicle mounted base stations have stronger mobility and can quickly reach areas that require temporary communication coverage. Compared with indoor base stations, vehicle mounted base stations are suitable for outdoor environments and provide services for emergency communication, mobile communication vehicles, etc.

In addition, vehicle mounted base stations play an important role in emergency situations. For example, when the transmission tower of a certain base station collapses or an accident occurs with the base station equipment, the vehicle mounted base station can quickly and temporarily replace it to maintain communication within the community. Vehicle mounted base stations play a crucial role in emergency communication, disaster relief, public security, military, emergency rescue and other departments and fields. The BF-TR955 digital cluster vehicle mounted base station released by Beifeng Communication adopts a standard rack structure design, integrating core functions such as channel machine, synchronization unit, RF distribution unit, and base station controller, achieving a highly integrated design and providing strong support for emergency communication. There is also the Belgian Citymesh testing of a vehicle mounted 5G base station system for emergency communication, which can bring 5G coverage to the most remote and difficult to reach places even under extreme conditions.

二、Advantages of vehicle mounted base stations

1. Flexible deployment: Vehicle mounted base stations support multiple deployment methods such as vehicle mounted and portable, and can quickly set up temporary communication networks. For example, the Beifeng BF-TR955 digital vehicle mounted base station can be installed on communication vehicles for use, and can also be flexibly deployed by selecting equipment portable cases, which can meet the rapid deployment of large, medium, and small scales in special scenarios such as disaster relief and emergency communication. As a high-power and high-performance MESH self-organizing network device, Zhongxun Huitong's wireless self-organizing network equipment can be widely used for on-site networking applications in complex and high dynamic environments such as fire emergency, armed police anti-terrorism, and military exercises, supporting vehicle deployment. In addition, a storage box is installed above the bottom plate of an ad hoc vehicle mounted base station, and the base station body inside the storage box can be conveniently moved through a universal wheel connection mechanism, making it easy to deploy quickly in different scenarios.

2. Signal extension: Vehicle mounted base stations can effectively expand signal coverage and eliminate communication blind spots. The number of base stations deployed by operators in suburban areas is relatively small, and the base station signals are easily affected by terrain and greatly attenuated. The car body also attenuates the base station signals by 15-20 dB. When the car is driving in the suburbs and the base station signal received inside the car is below -105 dBm, the mobile phones inside the car will not be able to communicate normally. Installing an onboard signal amplifier in a car can effectively improve the signal inside the car when driving in areas with weak base station signals. At the same time, some vehicle antenna signal enhancement devices, such as conical structure signal enhancement rings, use deceleration motors to drive the tension rope between the first fixed rod and the second fixed rod on the turntable, causing the signal enhancement ring to move up and down, enhancing the signal of the vehicle antenna and meeting the needs of different regions.

3. Powerful functionality: The vehicle mounted base station supports multiple voice and data services, meeting the diverse communication needs of users. The Beifeng BF-TR955 digital vehicle mounted base station can provide various services such as voice cluster intercom, data collection, personnel positioning, personnel management and scheduling. The PDT vehicle mounted base station supports various voice and data services, such as individual calls, group calls, emergency calls, short messages, GPS positioning, etc. Zhongxun Huitong's mobile ad hoc network communication equipment base station relay vehicle can form an intelligent, multi hop, mobile, and peer-to-peer decentralized autonomous network communication system, with dynamic key channel encryption capability, which can effectively block the illegal access of external devices, meet the business needs of on-site video image transmission, cluster scheduling, mobile office, etc.

4. Safe and reliable: The vehicle mounted base station adopts digital encryption technology to ensure communication security and confidentiality. The PDT vehicle mounted base station adopts digital encryption technology to ensure communication security. Zhongxun Huitong's mobile ad hoc network communication equipment base station relay vehicle has dynamic key channel encryption capability, effectively blocking illegal access of external devices and ensuring communication security.

5. Easy to maintain: The vehicle mounted base station adopts a modular design, making maintenance simple and convenient. The user manual for the vehicle mounted mobile base station mentions that for the maintenance of the vehicle mounted base station, it is recommended to replace internal components in the factory and follow special protective measures for static sensitive components. When the equipment is in high temperature, it needs to wait for cooling before processing, and mark it before disconnecting the cable to ensure correct connection. The base station maintenance process includes inspection work, fault handling, safety management, data management, engineering supervision, complaint handling, etc. It achieves base station maintenance through daily inspections, alarm fault handling, and maintenance personnel supervision. For example, inspection personnel strictly follow the inspection plan and testing plan to carry out base station inspections and equipment periodic inspections, and promptly handle any problems found; When handling faults, the maintenance department shall handle the faults within the prescribed time limit and provide detailed records of the handling process and feedback to the maintenance management personnel. At the same time, the maintenance department should select maintenance personnel who meet the technical requirements and have a strong sense of responsibility to accompany the work, and do a good job in verifying and certifying engineering specifications, inspection and testing items, and consumables.

三、Application scenarios of vehicle mounted base stations

1. Large scale events: Vehicle mounted base stations play an important role in large-scale events such as sports events, concerts, conferences, etc. PDT vehicle mounted base stations can be used to meet the communication needs of large-scale events and conferences, ensuring orderly on-site command and dispatch. The Beifeng BF-TR955 digital cluster vehicle mounted base station can also provide various services such as voice cluster intercom, data collection, personnel positioning, personnel management and scheduling during large-scale events, providing strong communication support for the smooth progress of activities.

2. Emergency command: In emergency command of sudden events, vehicle mounted base stations are indispensable communication equipment. It can achieve rapid information transmission and personnel scheduling, buying valuable time for emergency rescue work. For example, in the event of natural disasters, accidents, and other emergencies, the Beifeng BF-TR955 digital cluster vehicle mounted base station can quickly establish a temporary communication network and provide centralized command and dispatch services. China Telecom will also deploy emergency communication vehicles in emergency command, such as in the emergency communication support for the Yajiang Mountain Fire in Sichuan. The emergency communication vehicle of China Telecom Sichuan Mobile Communication Bureau was on site to ensure communication, and the onboard 4G base station was successfully opened, providing stable communication services for the fire scene.

3. Daily patrol: During the daily patrol and law enforcement process of public security, armed police, urban management, etc., the vehicle mounted base station facilitates communication with the command center. PDT vehicle mounted base stations are widely used in daily patrols and law enforcement such as public security, armed police, and urban management, ensuring that patrol personnel can receive instructions and feedback information in a timely manner. Hangzhou city has improved its emergency command capabilities for daily patrols by equipping forward command vehicles and other equipment, and using vehicle mounted mesh base stations to connect data with cabin command vehicles, achieving bidirectional visual command and dispatch.

4. Field work: For field workers in fields such as power, communication, and oil, communication support for vehicle mounted base stations is crucial. It can ensure the safety of field workers and improve work efficiency. In the field operation scenario, the Beifeng BF-TR955 digital cluster vehicle mounted base station can meet the communication needs of special scenarios such as emergency rescue and emergency communication. At the same time, China Telecom is fully committed to providing emergency communication support for the Yajiang Mountain Fire in Sichuan, providing reliable communication support for field workers.

5. Digital vehicle mounted base stations equipped with drones: Digital vehicle mounted base stations equipped with drones can be applied in fields such as public safety management and emergency rescue. In the event of a public network outage after an emergency, drones can form an aerial relay station by carrying digital base station equipment, providing emergency wireless communication signal amplification for rescue personnel. The Beifeng BF-TR955 digital vehicle mounted base station can be deployed by drones, which can meet the rapid deployment of large, medium, and small scales in special scenarios such as emergency rescue and communication. In addition, in the "Communication Mission-2024" national emergency communication earthquake relief exercise, large unmanned helicopters, tethered drones, and other unmanned aerial vehicles played an important role in air support, providing strong support for communication in earthquake stricken areas.

四、The role of vehicle mounted base stations

1. Wireless signal transmission: Vehicle mounted base stations transmit signals to surrounding wireless devices through radio waves and receive signals, achieving bidirectional communication. For example, when moving at high speed in a car, a mobile phone can send signals to a base station because the transmission of mobile phone signals is carried out through radio waves and does not require a physical connection. Mobile phones convert signals into radio waves through their built-in radio transmitter and receiver, and send them out. These radio waves can be received by the vehicle's base station and processed and forwarded through the base station.

2. Data transmission: The vehicle mounted base station is responsible for processing and forwarding data sent and received by wireless devices, including voice, SMS, images, videos, etc. For example, the base station receives the fusion information sent by the first vehicle mounted terminal and sends the fusion information, where the fusion information is obtained by processing the shared information by the first vehicle mounted terminal, and the number of bytes of the fusion information is smaller than that of the shared information.

3. Connection and Switching Management: Vehicle mounted base stations manage the connection and switching with wireless devices to ensure the stability and continuity of wireless communication. For example, based on the real-time location information of the current vehicle terminal, search the credibility list of base stations, determine the pending information of the base station connected to the current vehicle terminal, and based on the pending information and preset threshold, determine whether to switch between base stations to ensure that the vehicle terminal always maintains a good communication connection during the movement process.

4. Spectrum management: Vehicle mounted base stations manage spectrum resources in wireless communication to ensure the normal operation of wireless communication networks and the rational utilization of resources. For example, the spectrum management method and system of the Internet of Vehicles simulate and generate spectrum pre allocation strategies based on the target deployment environment of the Internet of Vehicles, iteratively generate spectrum allocation schemes based on the current deployment environment and spectrum pre allocation strategy of the Internet of Vehicles, and achieve effective management of spectrum resources.